{"id":51098,"date":"2015-09-27T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2015-09-27T00:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/baleinesendirect.org\/comment-une-algue-microscopique-peut-elle-causer-la-mort-dune-baleine-de-45-tonnes\/"},"modified":"2020-05-21T20:39:32","modified_gmt":"2020-05-21T20:39:32","slug":"how-can-microscopic-algae-kill-a-45-tonne-whale","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/baleinesendirect.org\/en\/how-can-microscopic-algae-kill-a-45-tonne-whale\/","title":{"rendered":"How Can Microscopic Algae Kill a 45-tonne Whale?"},"content":{"rendered":"<figure id=\"attachment_14093\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-14093\" style=\"width: 150px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><a href=\"http:\/\/baleinesendirect.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/09\/mar\u00e9e-rouge-cr\u00e9dit-MPO1.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-14093 size-thumbnail\" src=\"http:\/\/baleinesendirect.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/09\/mare\u0301e-rouge-cre\u0301dit-MPO1-150x150.jpg\" alt=\"\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-14093\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u00a9 P\u00eaches et Oc\u00e9ans Canada M Starr<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>First and foremost, the many species of phytoplankton are not all toxic. Some diatoms and dinoflagellates contain a biological toxin that affects the nervous system of the organisms that consume them. This neurotoxin poisoning can lead to paralysis, convulsions or even death. These microscopic algae occur naturally in the environment. However, favourable weather conditions when they bloom (heavy rainfall, decreased salinity, increased water temperature) cause a proliferation called a &#8220;red tide&#8221;, in reference to the very high density of these algae at the water surface. These tides are visible and can be tracked from the air.<\/p>\n<p>Although cetaceans, pinnipeds and seabirds do not feed directly on these toxic algae, their prey have fed on these algae or have consumed organisms that have ingested them. This is the principle of bioaccumulation. As whales must engulf huge quantities of prey to meet their needs, the concentration of the neurotoxin increases exponentially.<\/p>\n<p>This red tide phenomenon is extraordinarily rare, but as a result of human activities, eutrophication, algae present in the ballast water of ships and climate change, it has been tending to occur more frequently worldwide.<\/p>\n<p>One of the most remarkable events in the history of red tides occurred in 1998, when <a href=\"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/news\/2008\/081027\/full\/news.2008.1190.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">more than 400 California sea lions died <\/a>due to poisoning from the alga <em>Pseudo-nitzschia australis<\/em>. Toxins were identified in anchovies, sea lions&#8217; main prey, as well as in the body fluids of the latter. In 2008, in the St. Lawrence, a red tide spanning 600 km<sup>2<\/sup> caused the death of nearly a dozen belugas, around a hundred seals, and several thousand seabirds and fish. During the summer of 2015, in the Gulf of Alaska, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.cbc.ca\/news\/canada\/british-columbia\/dead-whales-pacific-blob-1.3228268\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">some thirty great whale carcasses were discovered<\/a>. Scientists suspect toxic algae poisoning, though no evidence has been reported to date.<\/p>\n<p>In humans, these algae are only toxic if consumed. Fish purchased in fish shops do not contain this toxin, as they were caught outside the areas affected by the red tide. Some shellfish harvesting areas are closed during the critical period and it is strongly recommended not to consume shellfish, fish viscera or the offal of marine birds in May and June, when the risk of blooms is highest.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Ces algues microscopiques se pr\u00e9sentent naturellement dans l\u2019environnement. Cependant, des conditions climatiques favorables \u00e0 leur floraison (pluies abondantes, diminution de la salinit\u00e9, augmentation de la temp\u00e9rature de l\u2019eau) provoquent une prolif\u00e9ration qu\u2019on appelle \u00abmar\u00e9e rouge\u00bb, en r\u00e9f\u00e9rence \u00e0 la densit\u00e9 tr\u00e8s \u00e9lev\u00e9e de ces algues \u00e0 la surface de l\u2019eau.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":20,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[29],"tags":[1595],"class_list":["post-51098","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-whale-qa","tag-algues-toxiquesechouage-en"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.6 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>How Can Microscopic Algae Kill a 45-tonne Whale? - Baleines en direct<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Ces algues microscopiques se pr\u00e9sentent naturellement dans l\u2019environnement. Cependant, des conditions climatiques favorables \u00e0 leur floraison (pluies abondantes, diminution de la salinit\u00e9, augmentation de la temp\u00e9rature de l\u2019eau) provoquent une prolif\u00e9ration qu\u2019on appelle \u00abmar\u00e9e rouge\u00bb, en r\u00e9f\u00e9rence \u00e0 la densit\u00e9 tr\u00e8s \u00e9lev\u00e9e de ces algues \u00e0 la surface de l\u2019eau.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/baleinesendirect.org\/en\/how-can-microscopic-algae-kill-a-45-tonne-whale\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"How Can Microscopic Algae Kill a 45-tonne Whale? - Baleines en direct\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Ces algues microscopiques se pr\u00e9sentent naturellement dans l\u2019environnement. Cependant, des conditions climatiques favorables \u00e0 leur floraison (pluies abondantes, diminution de la salinit\u00e9, augmentation de la temp\u00e9rature de l\u2019eau) provoquent une prolif\u00e9ration qu\u2019on appelle \u00abmar\u00e9e rouge\u00bb, en r\u00e9f\u00e9rence \u00e0 la densit\u00e9 tr\u00e8s \u00e9lev\u00e9e de ces algues \u00e0 la surface de l\u2019eau.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/baleinesendirect.org\/en\/how-can-microscopic-algae-kill-a-45-tonne-whale\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Baleines en direct\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/baleinesendirect\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2015-09-27T00:00:00+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2020-05-21T20:39:32+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/baleinesendirect.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/dle-BPJ090721_1243-grm.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"490\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"325\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Camille B\u00e9gin Marchand\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@BaleineMagazine\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@BaleineMagazine\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Camille B\u00e9gin Marchand\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"2 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/baleinesendirect.org\\\/en\\\/how-can-microscopic-algae-kill-a-45-tonne-whale\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/baleinesendirect.org\\\/en\\\/how-can-microscopic-algae-kill-a-45-tonne-whale\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Camille B\u00e9gin Marchand\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/baleinesendirect.org\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/4a7e34491662b01e9d81f028b3ad2597\"},\"headline\":\"How Can Microscopic Algae Kill a 45-tonne Whale?\",\"datePublished\":\"2015-09-27T00:00:00+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2020-05-21T20:39:32+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/baleinesendirect.org\\\/en\\\/how-can-microscopic-algae-kill-a-45-tonne-whale\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":381,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/baleinesendirect.org\\\/#organization\"},\"keywords\":[\"Algues toxiques|\u00c9chouage\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Whale Q&amp;A\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/baleinesendirect.org\\\/en\\\/how-can-microscopic-algae-kill-a-45-tonne-whale\\\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/baleinesendirect.org\\\/en\\\/how-can-microscopic-algae-kill-a-45-tonne-whale\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/baleinesendirect.org\\\/en\\\/how-can-microscopic-algae-kill-a-45-tonne-whale\\\/\",\"name\":\"How Can Microscopic Algae Kill a 45-tonne Whale? - Baleines en direct\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/baleinesendirect.org\\\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2015-09-27T00:00:00+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2020-05-21T20:39:32+00:00\",\"description\":\"Ces algues microscopiques se pr\u00e9sentent naturellement dans l\u2019environnement. 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